Single and multiple recurrence along non-polynomial sequences

We establish new recurrence and multiple recurrence results for a rather large family $\mathcal{F}$ of non-polynomial functions which includes tempered functions defined in [11], as well as functions from a Hardy field with the property that for some $\ell\in \mathbb{N}\cup\{0\}$, $\lim_{x\to\infty }f^{(\ell)}(x)=\pm\infty$ and $\lim_{x\to\infty }f^{(\ell+1)}(x)=0$. Among other things, we show that for any $f\in\mathcal{F}$, any invertible probability measure preserving system $(X,\mathcal{B},μ,T)$, any $A\in\mathcal{B}$ with $μ(A)>0$, and any $ε>0$, the sets of returns $R_{ε, A}= \big\{n\in\mathbb{N}:μ(A\cap T^{-\lfloor f(n)\rfloor}A)>μ^2(A)-ε\big\}$ and $R^{(k)}_{A}= \big\{ n\in\mathbb{N}: μ\big(A\cap T^{\lfloor f(n)\rfloor}A\cap T^{\lfloor f(n+1)\rfloor}A\cap\cdots\cap T^{\lfloor f(n+k)\rfloor}A\big)>0\big\}$ possess somewhat unexpected properties of largeness; in particular, they are thick, i.e., contain arbitrarily long intervals.

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