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Selected Issues in Thermal Field Theory

New developments on hot and dense QCD in effective field theories are reviewed. Recent investigations in lattice gauge theories for the low-lying Dirac eigenmodes suggest survival hadrons in restored phase of chiral symmetry. We discuss expected properties of those bound states in a medium using chiral approaches. The role of higher-lying hadrons near chiral symmetry restoration is also argued from the conventional and the holographic point of view.