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Role of dimensionality in complex networks: Connection with nonextensive statistics

Deep connections are known to exist between scale-free networks and non-Gibbsian statistics. For example, typical degree distributions at the thermodynamical limit are of the form $P(k) \propto e_q^{-k/κ}$, where the $q$-exponential form $e_q^z \equiv [1+(1-q)z]^{\frac{1}{1-q}}$ optimizes the nonadditive entropy $S_q$ (which, for $q\to 1$, recovers the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy). We introduce and study here $d$-dimensional geographically-located networks which grow with preferential attachment involving Euclidean distances through $r_{ij}^{-α_A} \; (α_A \ge 0)$. Revealing the connection with $q$-statistics, we numerically verify (for $d$ =1, 2, 3 and 4) that the $q$-exponential degree distributions exhibit, for both $q$ and $κ$, universal dependences on the ratio $α_A/d$. Moreover, the $q=1$ limit is rapidly achieved by increasing $α_A/d$ to infinity.