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Robust designs to model uncertainty with high estimation and prediction efficiency

Alphabetic optimality criteria, such as the $D$, $A$, and $I$ criteria, require specifying a model to select optimal designs. They are not model free and the optimal designs selected by them are not robust to model uncertainty. Recently, many extensions of the $D$ and $A$ criteria have been proposed for selecting robust designs with high estimation efficiency. However, approaches for finding robust designs with high prediction efficiency are rarely studied in the literature. In this paper, we propose the $P_α$ criterion and develop its approximation version for two-level designs, called the ${\tilde P_α}$ criterion. They are useful for selecting robust designs with high estimation, high prediction, or balanced estimation and prediction efficiency for projective submodels. Computational studies show that the ${\tilde P}_α$ criterion is a good approximation of the $P_α$ criterion and can reduce great computation time when we search designs over a wide range of models. The connection between the ${\tilde P_α}$ criterion and the generalized minimum aberration (GMA) criterion is studied. Result shows that ${\tilde P_α}$ plays a great role to link the alphabetic optimality criteria and the aberration-based criteria.