Realistic thermal heat engine model and its generalized efficiency

We identify a realistic model of thermal heat engines and obtain the generalized efficiency, $η= 1- \left(\frac{T_c}{T_h}\right)^{1/δ}$, where $δ=1+\frac{1}γ$ and $γ$ is the ratio of thermal heat capacities of working substance at two thermal stages of the hot heat reservoir temperature, $T_h$ and the cold heat reservoir temperature, $T_c$. We find that the observed efficiency of practical heat engines satisfy the above generalized efficiency with $1/δ=0.35594$ $\pm$ $0.07$. The Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency, $η_{CA}=1-\left(\frac{T_c}{T_h}\right)^{1/2}$ is obtained for the symmetric case, $γ=1$. The generalized efficiency approaches the Carnot efficiency, $η_C=1-\frac{T_c}{T_h}$, in the asymmetric limit, $γ\to \infty$.

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