Paper detail

Random Phase Product Sate for Canonical Ensemble

Method of random phase product state (RPPS) is proposed to calculate canonical ensemble average of quantum systems described with matrix product states and also with tensor network states in general. The RPPS method is an extension of the method of random phase state for full Hilbert space representation. The validity of the method is confirmed by comparing the average energy of N-site antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain model with open boundary conditions with the result of direct method (for up to N=14) and minimally entangled typical thermal state (METTS) method (for N=100). Numerical advantages of the RPPS such as parallelization, combined calculation of thermal averages at different temperatures, parameters for controlling error are discussed. View point of self-averaging for the super-convergence of random state method is emphasized in addition to that of typicality.