Quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation for continuous measurement

We use quantum estimation theory to derive a thermodynamic uncertainty relation in Markovian open quantum systems, which bounds the fluctuation of continuous measurements. The derived quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation holds for arbitrary continuous measurements satisfying a scaling condition. We derive two relations; the first relation bounds the fluctuation by the dynamical activity and the second one does so by the entropy production. We apply our bounds to a two-level atom driven by a laser field and a three-level quantum thermal machine with jump and diffusion measurements. Our result shows that there exists a universal bound upon the fluctuations, regardless of continuous measurements.

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