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Quantum Hasimoto transformation and nonlinear waves on a superfluid vortex filament under the quantum local induction approximation

The Hasimoto transformation between the classical LIA (local induction approximation, a model approximating the motion of a thin vortex filament) and the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) has proven very useful in the past, since it allows one to construct new solutions to the LIA once a solution to the NLS is known. In the present paper, the quantum form of the LIA (which includes mutual friction effects) is put into correspondence with a type of complex nonlinear dispersive partial differential equation (PDE) with cubic nonlinearity (similar in form to a Ginsburg-Landau equation, with additional nonlinear terms). Transforming the quantum LIA in such a way enables one to obtain quantum vortex filament solutions once solutions to this dispersive PDE are known. From our quantum Hasimoto transformation, we determine the form and behavior of Stokes waves and a standing 1-soliton solution under normal and binormal friction effects. The soliton solution on a quantum vortex filament is a natural generalization of the classical 1-soliton solution constructed mathematically by Hasimoto (which motivated subsequent real-world experiments). The quantum Hasimoto transformation is useful when normal fluid velocity is relatively weak, so for the case where the normal fluid velocity is dominant we resort to other approaches. We consider the dynamics of the tangent vector to the vortex filament directly from the quantum LIA, and this approach, while less elegant than the quantum Hasimoto transformation, enables us to study waves primarily driven by the normal fluid velocity.