Paper detail

Projective well-orders and coanalytic witnesses

We further develop a forcing notion known as Coding with Perfect Trees and show that this poset preserves, in a strong sense, definable $P$-points, definable tight MAD families and definable selective independent families. As a result, we obtain a model in which $\mathfrak{a}=\mathfrak{u}=\mathfrak{i}=\aleph_1<2^{\aleph_0}=\aleph_2$, each of $\mathfrak{a}$, $\mathfrak{u}$, $\mathfrak{i}$ has a $Π^1_1$ witness and there is a $Δ^1_3$ well-order of the reals. Note that both the complexity of the witnesses of the above combinatorial cardinal characteristics, as well as the complexity of the well-order are optimal. In addition, we show that the existence of a $Δ^1_3$ well-order of the reals is consistent with $\mathfrak{c}=\aleph_2$ and each of the following: $\mathfrak{a}=\mathfrak{u}<\mathfrak{i}$, $\mathfrak{a}=\mathfrak{i}<\mathfrak{u}$, $\mathfrak{a}<\mathfrak{u}=\mathfrak{i}$, where the smaller cardinal characteristics have co-analytic witnesses. Our methods allow the preservation of only sufficiently definable witnesses, which significantly differs from other preservation results of this type.