Origin of Constrained Maximal CP Violation in Flavor Symmetry

Current data from neutrino oscillation experiments are in good agreement with $δ=-\fracπ{2}$ and $θ_{23}^{} = \fracπ{4}$. We define the notion of "constrained maximal CP violation" (CMCPV) for predicting these features and study their origin in flavor symmetry. We derive the parametrization-independent solution of CMCPV and give a set of equivalent definitions for it. We further present a theorem on how the CMCPV can be realized. This theorem takes advantage of residual symmetries in the neutrino and charged lepton mass matrices, and states that, up to a few minor exceptions, $(|δ|, θ_{23}) =(\fracπ{2}, \fracπ{4})$ is generated when those symmetries are real. The often considered $μ$-$τ$ reflection symmetry, as well as specific discrete subgroups of O(3), are special cases of our theorem.

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