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Orbital Order and Spin Nematicity in the Tetragonal Phase of Electron-doped Iron-Pnictides NaFe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$As

In copper-oxide and iron-based high temperature (high-$T_{\rm c}$) superconductors, many physical properties exhibit in-plane anisotropy, which is believed to be caused by a rotational symmetry-breaking nematic order, whose origin and its relationship to superconductivity remain elusive. In many iron-pnictides, a tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structural transition temperature $T_{\rm s}$ coincides with the magnetic transition temperature $T_{\rm N}$, making the orbital and spin degrees of freedom highly entangled. NaFeAs is a system where $T_{\rm s}$ = 54 K is well separated from $T_{\rm N}$ = 42 K, which helps simplify the experimental situation. Here we report nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on NaFe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$As (0 $\leq x \leq$ 0.042) that revealed orbital and spin nematicity occurring at a temperature $T^{\rm *}$ far above $T_{\rm s}$ in the tetragonal phase. We show that the NMR spectra splitting and its evolution can be explained by an incommensurate orbital order that sets in below $T^{\rm *}$ and becomes commensurate below $T_{\rm s}$, which brings about the observed spin nematicity.