Paper detail

Optimal Rescaling and the Mahalanobis Distance

One of the basic problems in data analysis lies in choosing the optimal rescaling (change of coordinate system) to study properties of a given data-set $Y$. The classical Mahalanobis approach has its basis in the classical normalization/rescaling formula $Y \ni y \to Σ_Y^{-1/2} \cdot (y-\mathrm{m}_Y)$, where $\mathrm{m}_Y$ denotes the mean of $Y$ and $Σ_Y$ the covariance matrix . Based on the cross-entropy we generalize this approach and define the parameter which measures the fit of a given affine rescaling of $Y$ compared to the Mahalanobis one. This allows in particular to find an optimal change of coordinate system which satisfies some additional conditions. In particular we show that in the case when we put origin of coordinate system in $ \mathrm{m} $ the optimal choice is given by the transformation $Y \ni y \to Σ_Y^{-1/2} \cdot (y-\mathrm{m}_Y)$, where $$ Σ=Σ_Y(Σ_Y-\frac{(\mathrm{m}-\mathrm{m}_Y)(\mathrm{m}-\mathrm{m}_Y)^T}{1+\|\mathrm{m}-\mathrm{m}_Y\|_{Σ_Y}^2})^{-1}Σ_Y. $$