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Optical Soliton Propagation in a Free-Standing Nonlinear Graphene Monolayer with Defects

Recently, optical soliton propagation in an intrinsic nonlinear graphene monolayer configuration has been discovered. However, optical soliton behavior in a free-standing graphene monolayer with defects has not yet been studied. The objective of this article is to employ the generalized finite- difference time-domain (G-FDTD) method to efficiently simulate bright optical solitons, illustrating propagation of the electric field distribution in a free-standing nonlinear layer with variation in nonlinearity along its width. These variations of nonlinearity along the width represent graphene impurities, or defects. Results show that solitons propagate effectively even in the presence of strong spatial variations in the nonlinearity, implying the robustness of the medium with respect to optical propagation.