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Nuclear symmetry energy and proton-rich reactions at intermediate energies

Based on an isospin dependent transport model IBUU, effects of high density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy in the proton-rich reaction $^{22}$Si+$^{22}$Si at a beam energy of 400 MeV/nucleon are studied. It is found that the symmetry energy affects $π^{+}$ production more than $π^{-}$. More interestingly, comparing with neutron-rich reactions, for $π^{-}/π^{+}$ and dense matter's N/Z ratios, effects of symmetry energy in the proton-rich reaction both show contrary behaviors. The practical experiment by using the proton-rich reaction $^{22}$Si+$^{40}$Ca to study nuclear symmetry energy are also provided.