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Nonequilibrium dynamics in pumped Mott insulators

We use time-evolution techniques for (infinite) matrix-product-states to calculate, directly in the thermodynamic limit, the time-dependent photoemission spectra and dynamic structure factors of the half-filled Hubbard chain after pulse irradiation. These quantities exhibit clear signatures of the photoinduced phase transition from insulator to metal that occurs because of the formation of so-called $η$ pairs. In addition, the spin dynamic structure factor loses spectral weight in the whole momentum space, reflecting the suppression of antiferromagnetic correlations due to the buildup of $η$-pairing states. The numerical method demonstrated in this work can be readily applied to other one-dimensional models driven out of equilibrium by optical pumping.