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Non-Thermal Production of Wino Dark Matter via the Decay of Long-Lived Particles

We consider supersymmetric models in which the neutral Wino is the lightest superparticle (LSP), and study the possibility that non-thermally produced Wino plays the role of dark matter. The thermal relic density of Wino is smaller than the present mass density of dark matter if wino mass is smaller than 2.9 TeV; however, even with smaller Wino mass, Wino can be the dominant component of dark matter if it is non-thermally produced by the decay of an exotic particle. In order to study such a possibility in detail, we perform a precise calculation of the present mass density of Wino produced by the exotic-particle decay, taking account of the following effects: (i) coannihilation among charged and neutral Winos, and (ii) Sommerfeld effect on the pair annihilation cross section of Winos. We consider several well-motivated cases where the exotic particle corresponds to cosmological moduli fields, gravitino, or axino, and discuss the implication of the Wino LSP for these cases.