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Multiparticle production and initial quasi-temperature from proton induced carbon collisions at $p_{Lab}=31$ GeV/$c$

The momentum spectra of charged pions ($π^+$ and $π^-$) and kaons ($K^+$ and $K^-$), as well as protons ($p$), produced in the beam protons induced collisions in a 90-cm-long graphite target [proton-carbon ($p$-C) collisions] at the beam momentum $p_{Lab}=31$ GeV/$c$ are studied in the framework of a multisource thermal model by using Boltzmann distribution and Monte Carlo method. The theoretical model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data measured by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration. The related free parameters (effective temperature, rapidity shifts, and fraction of non-leading protons) and derived quantities (average transverse momentum and initial quasi-temperature) under given experimental conditions are obtained. It is shown that the considered free parameters and derived quantities to be strongly dependent on emission angle over a range from 0 to 380 mrad and weakly dependent on longitudinal position (graphite target thickness) over a range from 0 to 90 cm.