Mortality, Redundancy, and Diversity in Stochastic Search

We investigate a stochastic search process in one dimension under the competing roles of mortality, redundancy, and diversity of the searchers. This picture represents a toy model for the fertilization of an oocyte by sperm. A population of $N$ independent and mortal diffusing searchers all start at $x=L$ and attempt to reach the target at $x=0$. When mortality is irrelevant, the search time scales as $τ_D/\ln N$ for $\ln N\gg 1$, where $τ_D\sim L^2/D$ is the diffusive time scale. Conversely, when the mortality rate $μ$ of the searchers is sufficiently large, the search time scales as $\sqrt{τ_D/μ}$, independent of $N$. When searchers have distinct and high mortalities, a subpopulation with a non-trivial optimal diffusivity are most likely to reach the target. We also discuss the effect of chemotaxis on the search time and its fluctuations.

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