Paper detail

Modulated Signals in Chemical Reaction Networks

Electrical engineering and molecular programming share many of the same mathematical foundations. In this paper, we show how to send multiple signals through a single pair of chemical species using modulation and demodulation techniques found in electrical engineering. Key to our construction, we provide chemical implementations of classical linear band-pass and low-pass filters with induced differential equations that are identical to their electrical engineering counterparts. We show how to modulate \emph{arbitrary} independent input signals with different carrier frequencies for transmission through a shared medium. Specific signals in the medium can then be isolated and demodulated using band-pass and low-pass filters. Such programmable chemical band-pass filters also offer a way to monitor chemical systems to verify that they are operating between a prescribed set of frequencies.