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Looking inside neutron stars: Microscopic calculations confront observations

While QCD appears not to be accurately solvable in the regime of interest for neutron star physics, microscopic calculations are feasible at both low and very high densities. In this work, we propose using the most realistic calculations in these two regimes of nuclear physics and perturbative QCD, and construct equations of state by matching the results requiring thermodynamic consistency. We find that the resulting equations of state --- in contrast to several hadronic ones --- are able to reproduce current observational data on neutron stars without any fine tuning, and allow stable hybrid stars with masses up to 2.1M_{sun}. Using recent observations of star radii, we perform a maximum likelihood analysis to further constrain the equation of state, and in addition show that the effects of rotation on radii and masses should not be neglected in future precision studies.