Long-wavelength fluctuations and anomalous dynamics in two-dimensional liquids

Long-wavelength Mermin-Wagner fluctuations prevent the existence of translational long-range order, in two-dimensional systems at finite temperature. Their dynamical signature, which is the divergence of the vibrational amplitude with the system size, also affects disordered solids and washes out the transient solid-like response generally exhibited by liquids cooled below their melting temperature. Through a combined numerical and experimental investigation, here we show that long-wavelength fluctuations are also relevant at high temperature, where the liquid dynamics does not reveal a transient solid-like response. In this regime, they induce an unusual but ubiquitous decoupling between long-time diffusion coefficient $D$ and structural relaxation time $τ$, where $D\propto τ^{-κ}$, with $κ> 1$. Long-wavelength fluctuations have a negligible influence on the relaxation dynamics only at extremely high temperatures, in molecular liquids, or extremely low densities, in colloidal systems.

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