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Long Range Coulomb Interactions and Nanoscale Electronic Inhomogeneities in Correlated Oxides

Electronic, magnetic or structural inhomogeneities ranging in size from nanoscopic to mesoscopic scales seem endemic, and are possibly generic, to colossal magnetoresistance manganites and other transition metal oxides. We show here that an extension, to include long range Coulomb interactions, of a quantum two-fluid $\ell-b$ model proposed recently for manganites [Phys. Rev. Lett., {\bf 92}, 157203 (2004)] leads to an excellent description of such inhomogeneities. In the $\ell-b$ model two very different kinds of electronic states, one localized and polaronic ($\ell$), and the other extended or broad band ($b$) co-exist. For model parameters appropriate to manganites, and even within a simple dynamical mean-filed theory (DMFT) framework, it describes many of the unusual phenomena seen in manganites, including colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), qualitatively and quantitatively. However, in the absence of long ranged Coulomb interaction, a system described by such a model would actually phase separate, into macroscopic regions of $l$ and $b$ electrons respectively. As we show in this paper, in the presence of Coulomb interactions, the {\em macroscopic} phase separation gets suppressed, and instead nanometer scale regions of polarons interspersed with band electron puddles appear, constituting a new kind of quantum Coulomb glass. Our work points to an interplay of strong correlations, long range Coulomb interaction and dopant ion disorder as the origin of nanoscale inhomogeneities, rather than disorder frustrated phase competition as is generally believed. Based on this, we argue that the observed micrometer(meso)-scale inhomogeneities owe their existence to extrinsic causes, eg. strain due to cracks and defects. We suggest possible experiments to validate our speculation.