Local atomic decompositions for multidimensional Hardy spaces

We consider a nonnegative self-adjoint operator $L$ on $L^2(X)$, where $X\subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$. Under certain assumptions, we prove atomic characterizations of the Hardy space $H^1(L) = ł\{f\in L^1(X) \ : \ \ {\|}\sup_{t>0} \ |\exp(-tL)f \ | \ {\|}_{L^1(X)}<\infty\ \}.$ We state simple conditions, such that $H^1(L)$ is characterized by atoms being either the classical atoms on $X\subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$ or local atoms of the form $|Q|^{-1}χ_Q$, where $Q\subseteq X$ is a cube (or cuboid). One of our main motivation is to study multidimensional operators related to orthogonal expansions. We prove that if two operators $L_1, L_2$ satisfy the assumptions of our theorem, then the sum $L_1 + L_2$ also does. As a consequence, we give atomic characterizations for multidimensional Bessel, Laguerre, and Schrödinger operators. As a by-product, under the same assumptions, we characterize $H^1(L)$ also by the maximal operator related to the subordinate semigroup $\exp(-tL^ν)$, where $ν\in(0,1)$.

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