Landau levels on a surface of weak topological insulators

A three-dimensional weak topological insulator (WTI), being equivalent to stacked layers of two-dimensional quantum spin-Hall insulators, accommodates massless Dirac electrons on its side surface. A notable feature of WTIs is that surface states typically consist of two Dirac cones in the reciprocal space. We study the Landau quantization of Dirac electrons of WTIs in a perpendicular magnetic field. It is shown that when the magnetic length $l_B$ is much larger than the interlayer distance $a$, surface electrons are quantized into Landau levels according to the ordinary quantization rule for Dirac electrons. It is also shown that, with decreasing $l_B$ toward $a$, each Landau level and its spin state become modulated in a nontrivial manner. We demonstrate that this is attributed to the mixing of two Dirac cones induced by the discreteness of the layered structure.

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