Intersecting generalised permutations

preprint2014arXivOpen access

Abstract

For any positive integers k,r,nk,r,n with r≤min⁡{k,n}r \leq \min\{k,n\}, let Pk,r,n\mathcal{P}_{k,r,n} be the family of all sets {(x1,y1),…,(xr,yr)}\{(x_1,y_1), \dots, (x_r,y_r)\} such that x1,…,xrx_1, \dots, x_r are distinct elements of [k]={1,…,k}[k] = \{1, \dots, k\} and y1,…,yry_1, \dots, y_r are distinct elements of [n][n]. The families Pn,n,n\mathcal{P}_{n,n,n} and Pn,r,n\mathcal{P}_{n,r,n} describe permutations of [n][n] and rr-partial permutations of [n][n], respectively. If k≤nk \leq n, then Pk,k,n\mathcal{P}_{k,k,n} describes permutations of kk-element subsets of [n][n]. A family A\mathcal{A} of sets is said to be intersecting if every two members of A\mathcal{A} intersect. In this note we use Katona's elegant cycle method to show that a number of important Erdős-Ko-Rado-type results by various authors generalise as follows: the size of any intersecting subfamily A\mathcal{A} of Pk,r,n\mathcal{P}_{k,r,n} is at most (k−1r−1)(n−1)!(n−r)!{k-1 \choose r-1}\frac{(n-1)!}{(n-r)!}, and the bound is attained if and only if A={A∈Pk,r,n ⁣:(a,b)∈A}\mathcal{A} = \{A \in \mathcal{P}_{k,r,n} \colon (a,b) \in A\} for some a∈[k]a \in [k] and b∈[n]b \in [n].

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