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Integer decomposition property of dilated polytopes

Let $\mathcal{P} \subset \mathbb{R}^N$ be an integral convex polytope of dimension $d$ and write $k \mathcal{P}$, where $k = 1, 2, \ldots$, for dilations of $\mathcal{P}$. We say that $\mathcal{P}$ possesses the integer decomposition property if, for any integer $k = 1, 2, \ldots$ and for any $α\in k \mathcal{P} \cap \mathbb{Z}^N$, there exist $α_{1}, \ldots, α_k$ belonging to $\mathcal{P} \cap \mathbb{Z}^N$ such that $α= α_1 + \cdots + α_k$. A fundamental question is to determine the integers $k > 0$ for which the dilated polytope $k\mathcal{P}$ possesses the integer decomposition property. In the present paper, combinatorial invariants related to the integer decomposition property of dilated polytopes will be proposed and studied.