Infinite partition monoids

Let $\mathcal P_X$ and $\mathcal S_X$ be the partition monoid and symmetric group on an infinite set $X$. We show that $\mathcal P_X$ may be generated by $\mathcal S_X$ together with two (but no fewer) additional partitions, and we classify the pairs $α,β\in\mathcal P_X$ for which $\mathcal P_X$ is generated by $\mathcal S_X\cup\{α,β\}$. We also show that $\mathcal P_X$ may be generated by the set $\mathcal E_X$ of all idempotent partitions together with two (but no fewer) additional partitions. In fact, $\mathcal P_X$ is generated by $\mathcal E_X\cup\{α,β\}$ if and only if it is generated by $\mathcal E_X\cup\mathcal S_X\cup\{α,β\}$. We also classify the pairs $α,β\in\mathcal P_X$ for which $\mathcal P_X$ is generated by $\mathcal E_X\cup\{α,β\}$. Among other results, we show that any countable subset of $\mathcal P_X$ is contained in a $4$-generated subsemigroup of $\mathcal P_X$, and that the length function on $\mathcal P_X$ is bounded with respect to any generating set.

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