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Higher-Order Harmonic Generation caused by Elliptically Polarized Electric Fields in Solid-State Materials

We theoretically investigated the dependence of higher-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solid-state materials on the ellipticity of the electric field. We found that in the multiphoton absorption and ac Zener regimes, the intensity of HHG monotonically decreases with increasing ellipticity of the incident electric field, while in the semimetal regime, the intensity reaches a maximum for finite values of ellipticity. Moreover, the characteristics of the polarization of the emitted HHG change depending on the field intensity; only parallel emissions with respect to the major axis exist in the multiphoton absorption and ac Zener regimes, while both parallel and perpendicular emissions exist in the semimetal regime. These peculiar characteristics of the semimetal regime can be understood on the basis of changes in the HHG mechanism and may be able to be identified in experiments utilizing solid-state materials such as narrow-gap semiconductors.