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Giant dielectric anisotropy via homogenization

A random mixture of two isotropic dielectric materials, one composed of oriented spheroidal particles of relative permittivity $ε_a$ and the other composed of oriented spheroidal particles of relative permittivity $ε_b$, was considered in the long wavelength regime. The permittivity dyadic of the resulting homogenized composite material (HCM) was estimated using the Bruggeman homogenization formalism. The HCM was an orthorhombic biaxial material if the symmetry axes of the two populations of spheroids were mutually perpendicular and a uniaxial material if these two axes were mutually aligned. The degree of anisotropy of the HCM, as gauged by the ratio of the eigenvalues of the HCM's permittivity dyadic, increased as the shape of the constituent particles became more eccentric. The greatest degrees of HCM anisotropy were achieved for the limiting cases wherein the constituent particles were shaped as needles or discs. In these instances explicit formulas for the HCM anisotropy were derived from the dyadic Bruggeman equation. Using these formulas it was found that the degrees of HCM anisotropy are proportional to $\sqrt{ε_b}$ or $ε_b$, at fixed values of volume fraction and $ε_a$, for $ε_b > ε_a$. Thus, in principle, there is no limit to degree of anisotropy that may be attained via homogenization. In practice, the degree of anisotropy would be limited by the available value of $ε_b$ (and/or $ε_a$).