Paper detail

Generalized Bishop frames on curves on E^4

We introduce and study generalized Bishop frames on regular curves, which are generalizations of the Frenet and Bishop frames for regular curves on higher dimensional spaces. There are four types of generalized Bishop frames on regular curves on $\mathbb{E}^{4}$ up to the change of the order of vectors fixing the first one which is the tangent vector. One of these four types of frames is a Bishop frame, and by a result of Bishop, every regular curve admits such a frame. We show that if a regular curve $γ$ on $\mathbb{E}^{4}$ admits a Frenet frame, then $γ$ admits all four types of generalized Bishop frames. We also show that if the derivative of the tangent vector of a regular curve is nowhere vanishing, then the curve admits all three types of generalized Bishop frames except a frame of type F, which is related to the Frenet frame.