Paper detail

Flavor Mixing Democracy and Minimal CP Violation

We point out that there is a unique parametrization of quark flavor mixing in which every angle is close to the Cabibbo angle θ_C \simeq 13^\circ with the CP-violating phase ϕ_q around 1^\circ, implying that they might all be related to the strong hierarchy among quark masses. Applying the same parametrization to lepton flavor mixing, we find that all three mixing angles are comparably large (around π/4) and the Dirac CP-violating phase ϕ_l is also minimal as compared with its values in the other eight possible parametrizations. In this spirit, we propose a simple neutrino mixing ansatz which is equivalent to the tri-bimaximal flavor mixing pattern in the ϕ_l \to 0 limit and predicts \sinθ_13 = 1/\sqrt{2} \sin (ϕ_l/2) for reactor antineutrino oscillations. Hence the Jarlskog invariant of leptonic CP violation J_l = (\sinϕ_l)/12 can reach a few percent if θ_13 lies in the range 7^\circ \leq θ_13 \leq 10^\circ.