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Ferroelectric instability of two-dimensional crystals

The macroscopic dielectric permittivity of dielectric crystals is related to the microscopic atomic polarizability of constituent atoms by the known Clausius-Mossotti relation obtained in the middle of 19th century. We derive a similar relation for recently discovered two-dimensional crystals (mono- and bilayer graphene, boron nitride, etc) and show that, in contrast to three-dimensional materials, much stronger electron-electron interaction in two dimensions leads to a spontaneous electric polarization of the ground state of two-dimensional crystals. The predicted ferroelectric transition may have interesting applications in electrodynamics and optics.