FAST-PPR: Scaling Personalized PageRank Estimation for Large Graphs

We propose a new algorithm, FAST-PPR, for estimating personalized PageRank: given start node $s$ and target node $t$ in a directed graph, and given a threshold $δ$, FAST-PPR estimates the Personalized PageRank $π_s(t)$ from $s$ to $t$, guaranteeing a small relative error as long $π_s(t)>δ$. Existing algorithms for this problem have a running-time of $Ω(1/δ)$; in comparison, FAST-PPR has a provable average running-time guarantee of ${O}(\sqrt{d/δ})$ (where $d$ is the average in-degree of the graph). This is a significant improvement, since $δ$ is often $O(1/n)$ (where $n$ is the number of nodes) for applications. We also complement the algorithm with an $Ω(1/\sqrtδ)$ lower bound for PageRank estimation, showing that the dependence on $δ$ cannot be improved. We perform a detailed empirical study on numerous massive graphs, showing that FAST-PPR dramatically outperforms existing algorithms. For example, on the 2010 Twitter graph with 1.5 billion edges, for target nodes sampled by popularity, FAST-PPR has a $20$ factor speedup over the state of the art. Furthermore, an enhanced version of FAST-PPR has a $160$ factor speedup on the Twitter graph, and is at least $20$ times faster on all our candidate graphs.

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