Fast generations of tree-type three-dimensional entanglement via Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants and transitionless quantum driving

Recently, a novel three-dimensional entangled state called tree-type entanglement, which is likely to have applications for improving quantum communication security, was prepared via adiabatic passage by Song et al. [Phys. Rev. A 93, 062321 (2016)]. Here we propose two schemes for fast generations of tree-type three-dimensional entanglement among three spatially separated atoms via shortcuts to adiabatic passage. With the help of quantum Zeno dynamics, two kinds of different but equivalent methods, Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants and transitionless quantum driving, are applied to construct shortcuts to adiabatic passage. The comparisons between the two methods are discussed. The strict numerical simulations show that the tree-type three-dimensional entangled states can be fast prepared with quite high fidelities and the two schemes are both robust against the variations in the parameters, atomic spontaneous emissions and the cavity-fiber photon leakages.

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