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Extreme High-Field Superconductivity in Thin Re Films

We report the high-field superconducting properties of thin, disordered Re films via magneto-transport and tunneling density of states measurements. Films with thicknesses in the range of 9 nm to 3 nm had normal state sheet resistances of $\sim$0.2 k$Ω$ to $\sim$1 k$Ω$ and corresponding transition temperatures in the range of 6 K to 3 K. Tunneling spectra were consistent with those of a moderate coupling BCS superconductor. Notwithstanding these unremarkable superconducting properties, the films exhibited an extraordinarily high upper critical field. We estimate their zero-temperature $H_{c2}$ to be more than twice the Pauli limit. Indeed, in 6 nm samples the estimated reduced critical field $H_{c2}/T_c\sim$ 5.6 T/K is among the highest reported for any elemental superconductor. Although the sheet resistances of the films were well below the quantum resistance $R_Q=h/4e^2$, their $H_{c2}$'s approached the theoretical upper limit of a strongly disordered superconductor for which $k_F\ell\sim1$.