Entropy production along a stochastic trajectory and an integral fluctuation theorem

For stochastic non-equilibrium dynamics like a Langevin equation for a colloidal particle or a master equation for discrete states, entropy production along a single trajectory is studied. It involves both genuine particle entropy and entropy production in the surrounding medium. The integrated sum of both $Δs\t$is shown to obey a fluctuation theorem $<\exp[-Δs\t]> =1$ for arbitrary initial conditions and arbitrary time-dependent driving over a finite time interval.

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