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Electromagnetic characterization of bianisotropic metasurfaces on refractive substrates: General theoretical framework

We present a general methodology for electromagnetic homogenization and characterization of bianisotropic metasurfaces formed by regular or random arrangements of small arbitrary inclusions at the interface of two different isotropic media. These topologies can provide the most general electric and magnetic surface-bound dipolar responses to incident electromagnetic waves. The approach unites and generalizes the earlier theories developed independently by two research groups: the joint group of profs. Holloway and Kuester and the joint group of profs. Simovski and Tretyakov. We demonstrate the use of both formalisms in several example cases and discuss the differences between the two approaches. Furthermore, we generalize the known theories for the bianisotropic metasurfaces located at interfaces between two different media or on a substrate. The generalized framework allows characterization of both periodical or amorphous metasurfaces. The developed analytical theory can be used in the analysis and synthesis of metasurfaces for a wide variety of applications.