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Effective Constitutive Parameters of Plasmonic Metamaterials: A Direct Approach

We introduce a general implementation of the recently proposed homogenization theory [Tsukerman, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 28, 577 (2011)] allowing one to retrieve all 36 linear constitutive parameters of any 3D metamaterial with parallelepipedal unit cells. The effective parameters are defined directly as linear relations between pairs of coarse-grained fields, in contrast with methods where these parameters are obtained from reflection/transmission data or other indirect considerations. The method is applied to plasmonic metamaterials with spherical gold particles and split-ring resonators (SRR), respectively. In both cases, the expected physical behavior is reproduced almost perfectly, with no unphysical artifacts.