Dynamical properties of the one-dimensional spin-1/2 Bose-Hubbard model near Mott-insulator to ferromagnetic liquid transition

We investigate the dynamics of the one-dimensional strongly repulsive spin-1/2 Bose-Hubbard model for filling $ν\le1.$ While at $ν=1$ the system is a Hubbard-Mott insulator exhibiting dynamical properties of the Heisenberg ferromagnet, at $ν<1$ it is a ferromagnetic liquid with complex spin dynamics. We find that close to the insulator-liquid transition the system admits for a complete separation of spin and density degrees of freedom valid at {\it all} energy and momentum scales within the $t-J$ approximation. This allows us to derive the propagator of transverse spin waves and the shape of the magnon peak in the dynamic spin structure factor.

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