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Dynamical phase transitions in the photodriven charge-ordered Dirac-electron system

Photoinduced phase transitions and charge dynamics in the interacting Dirac-electron system with a charge-ordered ground state are theoretically studied by taking an organic salt $α$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$I$_3$. By analysing the extended Hubbard model for this compound using a combined method of numerical simulations based on the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and the Floquet theory, we observe successive dynamical phase transitions from the charge-ordered insulator to a gapless Dirac semimetal and, eventually, to a Chern insulator phase under irradiation with circularly polarized light. These phase transitions occur as a consequence of two major effects of circularly polarized light, i.e., closing of the charge gap through melting the charge order and opening of the topological gap by breaking the time reversal symmetry at the Dirac points. We demonstrate that these photoinduced phenomena are governed by charge dynamics of driven correlated Dirac electrons.