Diagrammatic approach to soft non-Abelian dynamics at high temperature

The dynamics of soft ($|\vec{p}|\sim g^2 T$) non-Abelian gauge fields at finite temperature is non-perturbative. The effective theory for the soft scale is determined by diagrams with external momenta $p_0\lsim g^2 T$, $|\vec{p}|\sim g^2 T$ and loop momenta larger than $g^2 T$. We consider the polarization tensor beyond the hard thermal loop approximation, which accounts for loop momenta of order $T$. There are higher loop diagrams, involving also the scale $gT$, which are as important as the hard thermal loops. These higher loop contributions are characteristic for non-Abelian gauge theories and their calculation is simplified by using the hard thermal loop effective theory. Remarkably, the effective one-loop polarization tensor is found to be gauge fixing independent and transverse at leading order in $g$. The transversality indicates that this approach leads to a gauge invariant effective theory.

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