$d$-Density Wave (DDW) Scenario Description of the New Hidden Charge Order in Cuprates

In this paper, we show that the theory of high $T_c$ superconductivity based on a microscopic model with $d$-density wave (DDW) scenario in the pseudogap phase is able to reproduce some of the most important features of the recent experimentally discovered hidden charge order in several families of Cuprates. In particular, by computing and comparing energies of charge orders of different modulation directions derived from a full microscopic theory with $d$-density wave scenario, the axial charge order $ϕ_{X(Y)}$ with wavevector $\mathbf{Q}=(Q_0,0)((0,Q_0))$ is shown to be unambiguously energetically more favorable over the diagonal charge order $ϕ_{X\pm Y}$ with wavevector $\mathbf{Q}=(Q_0,\pm Q_0)$ at least in commensurate limit, to be expected also to hold even to more general incommensurate case, in agreement with experiment. The two types of axial charge order $ϕ_X$ and $ϕ_Y$ are degenerate by symmetry. We find that within the superconducting background, biaxial (checkerboard) charge order is energetically more favorable than uniaxial (stripe) charge order, and therefore checkerboard axial charge order should be the one observed in experiments, assuming a single domain of charge ordered state on each CuO$_2$ plane.

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