Crystallization dynamics of a single layer complex plasma

We report a series of complex (dusty) plasma experiments, aimed at the study of the detailed time evolution of the re-crystallisation process following a rapid quench of a two dimensional dust liquid. The experiments were accompanied by large-scale (million particle) molecular dynamics simulations, assuming Yukawa type inter-particle interaction. Both experiment and simulation show a $\propto t^α$ (power law) dependence of the linear crystallite domain size as measured by the bond-order correlation length, translational correlation length, dislocation (defect) density, and a direct size measurement algorithm. The results show two stages of order formation: on short time-scales individual particle motion dominates; this is a fast process characterized by $α=0.93\pm0.1$. At longer time-scales, small crystallites undergo collective rearrangement, merging into bigger ones, resulting in a smaller exponent $α=0.38\pm0.06$.

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