Controlling almost-invariant halfspaces in both real and complex settings

If $T$ is a bounded linear operator acting on an infinite-dimensional Banach space $X$, we say that a closed subspace $Y$ of $X$ of both infinite dimension and codimension is an almost-invariant halfspace (AIHS) under $T$ whenever $TY\subseteq Y+E$ for some finite-dimensional subspace $E$, or, equivalently, $(T+F)Y\subseteq Y$ for some finite-rank perturbation $F:X\to X$. We discuss the existence of AIHS's for various restrictions on $E$ and $F$ when $X$ is a complex Banach space. We also extend some of these and other results in the literature to the setting where $X$ is a real Banach space instead of a complex one.

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