Classification of traces and hypertraces on spaces of classical pseudodifferential operators

Let M be a closed manifold and let CL(M) be the algebra of classical pseudodifferential operators. The aim of this note is to classify trace functionals on the subspaces CL^a(M) of CL(M) of operators of order a. CL^a(M) is a CL^0(M)-module for any real a; it is an algebra only if a is a non-positive integer. Therefore, it turns out to be useful to introduce the notions of pretrace and hypertrace. Our main result gives a complete classification of pre- and hypertraces on CL^a(M) for any real a, as well as the traces on CL^a(M) if a is a non-positive integer. We also extend these results to classical pseudodifferential operators acting on sections of a vector bundle. As a byproduct we give a new proof of the well-known uniqueness results for the Guillemin-Wodzicki residue trace and for the Kontsevich-Vishik canonical trace. The novelty of our approach lies in the calculation of the cohomology groups of homogeneous and log-polyhomogeneous differential forms on a symplectic cone. This allows to give an extremely simple proof of a generalization of a Theorem of Guillemin about the representation of homogeneous functions as sums of Poisson brackets.

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