Case-control studies for rare diseases: improved estimation of several risks and of feature dependences

To capture the dependences of a disease on several risk factors, a challenge is to combine model-based estimation with evidence-based arguments. Standard case-control methods allow estimation of the dependences of a rare disease on several regressors via logistic regressions. For case-control studies, the sampling design leads to samples from two different populations and for the set of regressors in every logistic regression, these samples are then mixed and taken as given observations. But, it is the differences in independence structures of regressors for cases and for controls that can improve logistic regression estimates and guide us to the important feature dependences that are specific to the diseased. A case-control study on laryngeal cancer is used as illustration.

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