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Bunch evolution study in optimization of MeV ultrafast electron diffraction

Megaelectronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) is a promising detection tool for ultrafast processes. The quality of diffraction image is determined by the transverse evolution of the probe bunch. In this paper, we study the contributing terms of the emittance and space charge effects to the bunch evolution in MeV UED scheme, employing a mean-field model with an ellipsoidal distribution as well as particle tracking simulation. Small transverse dimension of the drive laser is found critical to improve the reciprocal resolution, exploiting both smaller emittance and larger transverse bunch size before the solenoid. The degradation of reciprocal spatial resolution caused by the space charge effects should be carefully controlled.