Bilinear Decomposition and Divergence-Curl Estimates on Products Related to Local Hardy Spaces and Their Dual Spaces

Let $p\in(0,1)$, $α:=1/p-1$ and, for any $τ\in [0,\infty)$, $Φ_{p}(τ):=τ/(1+τ^{1-p})$. Let $H^p(\mathbb R^n)$, $h^p(\mathbb R^n)$ and $Λ_{nα}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ be, respectively, the Hardy space, the local Hardy space and the inhomogeneous Lipschitz space on $\mathbb{R}^n$. In this article, applying the inhomogeneous renormalization of wavelets, the authors establish a bilinear decomposition for multiplications of elements in $h^p(\mathbb R^n)$ [or $H^p(\mathbb R^n)$] and $Λ_{nα}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, and prove that these bilinear decompositions are sharp in some sense. As applications, the authors also obtain some estimates of the product of elements in the local Hardy space $h^p(\mathbb R^n)$ with $p\in(0,1]$ and its dual space, respectively, with zero $\lfloor nα\rfloor$-inhomogeneous curl and zero divergence, where $\lfloor nα\rfloor$ denotes the largest integer not greater than $nα$. Moreover, the authors find new structures of $h^{Φ_p}(\mathbb R^n)$ and $H^{Φ_p}(\mathbb R^n)$ by showing that $h^{Φ_p}(\mathbb R^n)=h^1(\mathbb R^n)+h^p(\mathbb R^n)$ and $H^{Φ_p}(\mathbb R^n)=H^1(\mathbb R^n)+H^p(\mathbb R^n)$ with equivalent quasi-norms, and also prove that the dual spaces of both $h^{Φ_p}(\mathbb R^n)$ and $h^p(\mathbb R^n)$ coincide. These results give a complete picture on the multiplication between the local Hardy space and its dual space.

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