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Atomically thin dilute magnetism in Co-doped phosphorene

Two-dimensional dilute magnetic semiconductors can provide fundamental insights in the very nature of magnetic orders and their manipulation through electron and hole doping. Despite the fundamental physics, due to the large charge density control capability in these materials, they can be extremely important in spintronics applications such as spin valve and spin-based transistors. In this article, we studied a two-dimensional dilute magnetic semiconductors consisting of phosphorene monolayer doped with cobalt atoms in substitutional and interstitial defects. We show that these defects can be stabilized and are electrically active. Furthermore, by including holes or electrons by a potential gate, the exchange interaction and magnetic order can be engineered, and may even induce a ferromagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic phase transition in p-doped phosphorene.