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Aspects of Confinement in Low Dimensions

We briefly review some examples of confinement which arise in condensed matter physics. We focus on two instructive cases: the off-critical Ising model in a magnetic field, and an array of weakly coupled (extended) Hubbard chains in the Wigner crystal phase. In the appropriate regime, the elementary excitations in these 1+1 and quasi-one-dimensional systems are confined into `mesons'. Although the models are generically non-integrable, quantum mechanics and form factor techniques yield valuable information.

preprint2004arXivOpen access
M. J. BhaseenA. M. Tsvelik
cond-mat.str-el
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M. J. BhaseenA. M. Tsvelik

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